![]() ![]() The members were predominantly school students, primarily Serbs but also Bosniaks and Croats. Young Bosnia A revolutionary movement active in the Condominium of Bosnia and Herzegovina before World War I. Immediately after Gavrilo Princip, a Yugoslav nationalist, assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir presumptive to the Austro-Hungarian throne, in Sarajevo, a series of diplomatic maneuverings led to an ultimatum from Austria-Hungary to the Kingdom of Serbia and eventually to war. July Crisis A diplomatic crisis among the major powers of Europe in the summer of 1914 that led to World War I. It is often advocated by nationalist and pan-nationalist movements and has been a feature of identity politics and cultural and political geography. Key Terms Black Hand A secret military society formed on May 9, 1911, by officers in the Army of the Kingdom of Serbia, originating in the conspiracy group that assassinated the Serbian royal couple (1903) led by captain Dragutin Dimitrijević “Apis.” irredentism Any political or popular movement intended to reclaim and reoccupy a “lost” or “unredeemed” area territorial claims are justified on the basis of real or imagined national and historic (an area formerly part of that state) or ethnic (an area inhabited by that nation or ethnic group) affiliations. Eventually, Britain and France were also obliged to mobilize and declare war, beginning World War I. The system of European alliances led to a series of escalating Austrian and Russian mobilizations.This led to Austria-Hungary invading Serbia. The assassination triggered the July Crisis, a series of tense diplomatic maneuverings that led to an ultimatum from Austria-Hungary to the Kingdom of Serbia, who rejected some of these conditions as a violation of their sovereignty.The murder was described by Christopher Clark as “a terrorist event charged with historic meaning, transforming the political chemistry in Vienna.” The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand sent deep shock waves through Austrian elites.The political objective of the assassination was to break off Austria-Hungary’s South Slav provinces so they could be combined into Yugoslavia.Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, a member of the Austrian royal family and heir presumptive to the Austrian throne, was assassinated by Gavrilo Princip, a member of the Young Bosnia movement connected to the Blank Hand secret society.Franz Ferdinand’s demonstration of power in the form of a military parade thus not only ended with his own death but triggered off a war that was to cost ten million human beings their lives. The particular constellation of alliances between European states led to the outbreak of the First World War. The war propaganda machine was set in motion throughout the Danube Monarchy and Serbia was given a sharp ultimatum, which it failed to comply with. Bloodstains on Archduke Franz Ferdinand’s uniform still bear witness to the deed.Īlthough no proof could be found for the Serbian government having been party to planning the assassination, it seemed probable that this had been the case. While on their way to the hospital where the adjutant was being treated, Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie were shot by Gavrilo Princip, who had been trained as an assassin in Serbia. Various groups of assassins lay in wait for Franz Ferdinand, and even before noon a bomb injured the Archduke’s adjutant. The date, St Vitus’ Day or ‘Vidovdan’, was and is a particularly sensitive one, being the anniversary of the fateful battle of Kosovo between the Serbs and Ottomans – and thus a Serbian day of mourning. On 28 June 1914, Franz Ferdinand represented the Emperor at manoeuvres and at a parade in the Bosnian town of Sarajevo. His friendliness towards the southern Slavs caused Serbia to see him as a threat to their own expansionist plans. He was particularly concerned about the developments in the Balkans. His distinctive characteristics were his clericalist-conservative general attitudes, pronounced anti-Semitic views, and antipathy to Hungary. Two days earlier, the heir to the Austrian throne Franz Ferdinand had been shot in Sarajevo.īorn in 1863, Franz Joseph’s nephew Franz Ferdinand had come into line for the throne after Crown Prince Rudolf’s suicide and became official heir after the death of his own father Karl Ludwig in 1896. ‘Assassination in Sarajevo – heir to the throne murdered with his wife’ ran the headlines on the title-page of the Illustrierte Kronen-Zeitung of 30 June 1914. ![]()
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